From the often incessant, oppressive heat of summer to the chilly, dry winds of winter, our eyes face various challenges throughout the year.
However, one of the most common and troublesome seasonal issues to affect the eyes is hay fever, which can wreak havoc in spring once dormant buds start blooming and the air around us becomes filled with floating pollen particles.
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), nearly one in five Aussies suffer from hay fever, with more females than males affected every year.
So, what can you do to counteract hay fever hitting your eye health (and happiness) for six?
How does hay fever affect the eyes?
One of the most common symptoms of hay fever is itchy eyes, as pollen triggers an allergic reaction that leads to intense irritation.
However, while it might be difficult to resist, the urge to rub your eyes can unfortunately worsen symptoms and lead to complications.
“Excessive eye rubbing can not only increase irritation and inflammation but also potentially transfer bacteria causing infections like conjunctivitis. Additionally, rubbing releases more histamines, intensifying itching and swelling, and can damage blood vessels, leading to dark circles and puffiness,” said Dom Willson, optometrist and National Professional Services Advisor at Optometry Australia.
Moreover, the body often responds to allergens with increased tear production, which can result in watery eyes, blurring vision and causing discomfort.
“Eye rubbing is also a major risk factor for the development of keratoconus, a condition which can have potentially severe long-term effects on vision. So, optometrists will always implore patients to use avoid excessive eye rubbing.”
Tips and tricks for helping eyes survive seasonal allergies
Managing hay fever symptoms generally involves a combination of preventative measures, treatments and lifestyle changes which are aimed at reducing discomfort and minimising exposure to allergens.
“During peak pollen times, which typically occur from early morning to mid-afternoon, and particularly on windy days, ideally try to stay indoors, or when out and about at least wear wraparound sunglasses to shield your eyes from airborne allergens. Keeping windows closed and using air conditioning in your home and car can further help filter out pollen. Maintaining eye hygiene is also crucial; regularly rinsing your eyes with saline solution or artificial tears can help remove allergens and soothe irritation.”
From a pharmaceutical perspective, medications such as over-the-counter antihistamine eye drops are very effective in targeting itchiness, redness and wateriness by blocking the effects of histamines, and are the primary recommendation from optometrists for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Oral antihistamines can help reduce overall allergy symptoms, including those affecting the eyes, but are not as effective as antihistamine eye drops.
Decongestant eye drops may also assist in reducing redness by shrinking swollen blood vessels, but they do not act on the root cause of the problem (an allergic reaction) and should only be used sparingly. If antihistamine eye drops are available, these are still preferable to use in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Need a quick reprieve from niggly symptoms?
“Natural remedies like applying a cold compress to your eyes can be very effective in reducing swelling and soothing itchiness and irritation, while drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated will help thin mucus and reduce dryness in the eyes.”
When to consult an optometrist about hay fever symptoms
If you experience any of the following, it's advisable to book an appointment with your optometrist as soon as possible:
- If symptoms, such as itchy, red or watery eyes, persist despite using over-the-counter treatments, or if they become severe, it’s time to see an optometrist. Chronic symptoms can indicate more serious issues that require professional evaluation
- Any changes in your vision, such as blurred vision, difficulty focusing or sensitivity to light, should prompt a visit to an optometrist. These could be signs of more serious eye conditions that need medical attention
- If you experience significant eye pain, discomfort or a feeling of pressure in or around the eyes, it’s important to seek professional advice. Pain can be a sign of conditions like corneal abrasions, which require prompt treatment
- While mild swelling and redness are common with hay fever, excessive or worsening swelling, particularly around the eyelids, or pronounced redness that doesn’t improve, could indicate an infection or other complications
- Hay fever symptoms usually affect both eyes, so if your symptoms are only in one eye then other causes are possible – see your optometrist to rule out alternative diagnoses
- If you suspect an eye infection, particularly if you notice discharge, crusting or excessive tearing, it’s crucial to consult an optometrist. Eye infections can develop quickly and may require prescription medication
- If you find it difficult to manage your hay fever symptoms with standard treatments or if these symptoms are significantly affecting your quality of life, an optometrist can provide tailored advice, recommend prescription treatments or even refer you to an eye specialist if necessary
- If you experience side effects from over-the-counter eye drops or medications, such as increased redness, stinging, or dryness, consulting an optometrist is recommended. They can suggest alternative treatments or adjust your care plan
You can use our Find an Optometrist search function to find your local optometrist.
