While Australian culture might be synonymous with summer days spent in the sun, sand and sea, many Aussies still underestimate the damage the first of that trio can cause when adequate sun protection measures aren’t taken.
In fact, it takes just 11 minutes of sun exposure on a fine summer day before unprotected skin starts to burn. And your eyes are not immune to the harsh effects of UV rays either.
“Due to lower pollution levels and clearer air in the southern hemisphere – which is largely attributed to much lower population densities – UV radiation levels sub-Equator are about 7 percent higher than those experienced in the northern hemisphere. This increased UV intensity makes it crucial for Australians to adopt necessary precautions to safeguard, not just their skin, but their eyes too,” said Dom Willson, optometrist and Professional Services Advisor at Optometry Australia.
It’s not just adults at risk
According to recent research, six out of 10 Australians aren't aware the sun can cause permanent eye damage. While 92 per cent of people surveyed were concerned about sun damage to their bodies, only 35 per cent were concerned about long term eye damage.
Children under the age of 10 face a heightened risk of skin and eye damage caused by UV radiation as the skin around their eyes and on their eyelids is more delicate compared to adult skin.
Additionally, not only do children have naturally larger pupils than adults, increasing their risk of UV damage, but the lens of their eye is clear which enables increased solar penetration and consequently, greater susceptibility to UV radiation-induced ocular changes.
In fact, research led by paediatric ophthalmologist and eye surgeon, Dr Shanel Sharma, found one in three children already have some level of UV eye damage by the age of 12. Even more concerning is this figure jumping to 80 percent by the time they hit 15 years old.
As well as mitigating the risk of eye damage caused by UV radiation, the importance of protecting your eyes during the summer months extends to eye strain and dry eyes as well.
"During summer activities like bushwalking or beach outings, reflective surfaces intensify sunlight, leading to glare and eye strain. Protective sunglasses reduce these effects, enhancing outdoor enjoyment. Sunglasses also serve as a barrier against wind and dust, preventing dry eyes and maintaining moisture levels and helping to protect against foreign bodies from entering the eyes.”
The risks of neglecting eye protection
Exposure to intense sunlight, especially while partaking in water-based activities or spending long hours on the beach, can lead to photokeratitis. This painful condition is akin to a sunburn on the eye’s cornea and conjunctiva and underscores the immediate risks of inadequate eye protection.
However, the more serious implications of UV damage might only be visible years down the track.
"Neglecting UV protection when you are younger and then as you continue to age elevates the risk of developing eye conditions like cataracts and macular degeneration. Delicate skin around the eyes is also particularly vulnerable to UV harm, potentially leading to skin cancers.”
So, what are the best ways to protect your eyes from the scintillating summer sun?
When we talk about sun protection, whether it’s to do with the skin or eyes, most advice is practical and appeals largely to one’s common sense.
“Step one is to slip on some quality sunglasses – we’re talking ones that block 100 percent of UVA and UVB rays – and consider frame styles that provide ample coverage, including the sides of your eyes. Complement your sunnies with a wide-brimmed hat, which will help block any sunlight reaching your eyes from different, unprotected angles.”
If you have macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, selecting sunglasses that also sport amber or brown lenses is suggested as these tones can enhance contrast and improve visibility as well as reduce glare.
Those who wear prescription glasses may want to consider transitions or photochromic lenses.
Optometry Australia recommends visiting your optometrist for a comprehensive eye exam every two years (unless your medical practitioner or optometrist has advised that you have more frequent appointments), beginning the year a child starts primary school.
If you are experiencing changes to your vision or are concerned about your eyesight, you can use our Find an Optometrist search tool to schedule an appointment with your local optometrist today.
