The evolution of eyewear – from 13th century to hipster chic

The birth of vision correction 

The story of glasses begins in the 13th century in Italy.  

The earliest known eyeglasses were simple convex lenses held in place by the hand, designed for monks and scholars who needed help reading small script.  

These early "reading stones" were made of glass and mounted into frames of wood, bone or metal.  

The concept of correcting vision was revolutionary at the time, providing much-needed relief for those with presbyopia (age-related longsightedness). 

The renaissance of spectacle design: 16th to 18th century 

During the Renaissance, the design of spectacles evolved significantly.  

Frames began to be crafted from materials like leather and horn as well as tortoiseshell, which remains a timelessly popular colour. 

However, unlike its historical origins, the mottled pattern is now artificially produced and no longer crafted from the shells of actual tortoises. 

The first temples (side arms) were also introduced in the late 18th century, allowing glasses to rest on the ears and free up the hands. 

With the invention of concave lenses for myopia (shortsightedness) in the 16th century, glasses became more versatile.  

These developments meant that spectacles were no longer just for the elderly but could help people of all ages with a variety of vision issues.  

However, they were still relatively rare and considered a luxury item. 

A sign of prestige: the 19th century and the rise of monocles 

By the 19th century, eyewear had become a status symbol.  

Monocles and pince-nez (glasses that pinched the nose) were popular among the elite.  

The monocle, often worn on a chain or ribbon, was seen as a symbol of sophistication and intellectual prowess.  

Pince-nez, although less comfortable, became popular in Europe and the United States as they allowed wearers to read discreetly. 

During this period, the industrial revolution also brought about mass production of eyewear, making glasses more affordable and accessible.  

Styles began to diversify and people could choose frames that suited their personal tastes and facial features. 

The 20th century: function meets fashion 

The 20th century brought with it a wave of innovation in eyewear.  

New materials like plastic and lightweight metals revolutionised the industry.  

Sunglasses became a cultural phenomenon in the 1930s, popularised by Hollywood celebrities like Audrey Hepburn and James Dean. These glamorous icons made wearing glasses — once seen as purely functional — a fashionable choice. 

In the 1950s and 1960s, the cat-eye and aviator styles became iconic, representing the spirit of the times.  

Glasses were no longer just for vision correction; they became a reflection of personality and style.  

The era also saw the emergence of prescription sunglasses, merging utility with trendiness. 

From geek to chic: the hipster movement and beyond 

In the 21st century, glasses have undergone a dramatic transformation in cultural perception.  

Once considered a sign of nerdiness or ageing, glasses have become a coveted fashion accessory, especially with the rise of the "hipster" aesthetic.  

Thick, oversized frames, often associated with the classic styles of the 1950s, have made a comeback in a big way blending retro designs with modern touches. 

Today's glasses are not only functional but also an expression of individuality. 

With an array of styles, colours and materials to choose from, they offer something for everyone, whether you prefer sleek minimalism, vintage flair or bold, artistic frames.

The future of glasses: technology and innovation 

As we look to the future, glasses are set to become even more advanced.  

Smart glasses being developed by tech giants promise to integrate augmented reality (AR) features, bringing information and entertainment directly into our line of sight.  

Sustainability is another growing trend in the eyewear industry.  

Many brands are now focused on creating eco-friendly frames from recycled materials, catering to a consumer base that values both style and environmental responsibility.